What happens?
Friends and colleagues usually notice the condition before the individual does. Most sufferers are oblivious to the fact that they have bad breath until a good friend points it out to them.
Once aware that they have bad breath they'll often obsessively check their breath, going to extremes to ensure it doesn't smell, even after they've solved the problem.
The hand test
If you're worried you have bad breath, try licking the back of your hand and smelling it.
What causes it?
- Very occasionally it's caused by illness.
- In the past it was believed to be because of indigestion but this is rarely the case. However, eating too much garlic, onions and spices causes temporary bad breath - often called 'morning breath'.
- More persistent bad breath results from smoking, drinking too much alcohol and the number one cause of bad breath, poor oral hygiene. Bacteria that live in the mouth break down proteins in food, releasing sulphur compounds. It's these that smell. People with gum disease and dental decay are more likely to suffer.
- For those with healthy teeth and gums then a collection of bacteria at the back of the tongue is often to blame. This is why people with chronic sinus infection or post-nasal drip often have bad breath.
- A lack of physical exercise, too much stress and not drinking enough liquid during the day can also contribute to bad breath
Should I see a doctor?
A dentist is probably a better person to see about bad breath.
Can I stop it?
You could try eating fewer smelly, spicy and sugary foods for a while. Stop smoking, drink less alcohol and caffeine and more water (at least two litres) throughout the day.
Improve your oral hygiene by:
- Having regular check-ups with the dentist.
- Brushing and flossing your teeth twice a day.
- Using a non alcohol-based mouthwash.
- Using a tongue scraper to remove the collection of bacteria from the back of the tongue. These are available from the pharmacist, or the handle of a teaspoon will do.
Treatments
Chewing sugar-free gum after meals helps to cleanse the mouth and is helpful if it's not convenient or possible to clean the teeth.
A mouth-freshener spray will temporarily mask the problem if you find yourself in a tricky situation.
Most dentists offer help with resolving the problems of bad breath and the opportunity to get help and advice from a dental hygienist.
This article was last medically reviewed by Dr Rob Hicks in May 2005.
First published in October 1997.
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